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The INTERNET Database of Periodic Tables

There are thousands of periodic tables in web space, but this is the only comprehensive database of periodic tables & periodic system formulations. If you know of an interesting periodic table that is missing, please contact the database curator: Mark R. Leach Ph.D.

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Laing's Revised Periodic Table with the Lanthanides Repositioned

Michael Laing's "Revised Periodic Table with the Lanthanides Repositioned", from Foundations of Chemistry 7:203-233.

• The new system emphasizes oxidation states.
• The elements Eu and Yb fall directly below Ba, indicating the common oxidation state of 2+.
• Elements La, Gd, Lu fall in a column below Y, all having the dominant oxidation state 3+.
• Ce and Tb fall between Zr and Hf in keeping with their 4+ oxidation state. Pm (Z=61) lies immediately below Tc (Z=43), both without stable naturally occurring isotopes.
• The easily attained oxidation states of 2+ for Am and No, and 4+ for Bk are evident from the analogous positioning of the actinides.

Philip Stewart's modification of the Laing formulation:

Philip Stewart says (in a personal communication):

"It seems wrong to suggest an analogy between Pr to Sm and Dy to Tm with the V, Cr, Mn, Fe groups. I have pushed them to the right to suggest that those lanthanides are like the old group VIII (including the coinage metals); like them they cannot use all their outer electrons in bonding (with the exception of Ru viii and Os viii. I have treated the actinides differently to take account of Pa v and U vi. It's ability to lose the juxtaposition of Tc and Pm, but it is physical rather than chemical anyway."

© Mark R. Leach Ph.D. 1999 –

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