Periodic Table |
Lewis Acid/Base Interaction Matrix Database
Type 15 Lewis Acid/Base Complexation Chemistry |
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Classical Organic Chemistry: Sn1, Sn2, SE1, SE2 Pathways | |
Bonding: | The normal strong covalent and polarised covalent s-bonds of main group chemistry are generally Lobe-LUMO/Lobe-HOMO complexes: C-C C-N C-O C-F C-Br C-Nu C-Nfg Cl-Cl O-O S-Cl P-Br –B-N+ etc. In solution Lobe-LUMO/Lobe-HOMO complexes may be covalently bonded, polar-covalently bonded or strongly ion-paired, weakly ion-paired or solvent separated. |
Charge: | Complexes may be negatively or positively charged or they may be neutral. |
Chemistry: | Prochiral tertiary carbenium ions – carbenium ions with three different ligands and a solvent separated Lobe-HOMO Lewis Base counter ion – react with nucleophiles to give racemic mixtures of enantiomers: Chiral sp3 carbon/nucleofuge complexes react with nucleophiles via a concerted Sn2 mechanistic process in which the chiral centre inverts ‘like an umbrella’, a 'Walden inversion'. Strong ion-pairing makes concerted second order substitution more favorable than step-wise first order reactivity. Acyl chlorides and other carbonyl/Nfg complexes also undergo concerted nucleophilic substitution, although the mechanism is rather different: |
Congeneric Series: | There are many congeneric series and planars, for example: |
Type 15 Lewis acid/base complex (generic) |
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Acetal (generic) more here |
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Acetal, cyclic (generic) more here |
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Acetaldehyde more here |
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Acetamide more here |
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Acetate ester (generic) more here |
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Acetic acid more here |
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Acetic anhydride more here |
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Acetone more here |
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Acetonitrile more here |
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Acid chloride (generic) more here |
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Acid isothiocyanate (generic) more here |
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Alcohol (generic) more here |
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1° Alcohol (generic) more here |
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2° Alcohol (generic) more here |
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3° Alcohol (generic) more here |
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Alkyl bromide (generic) more here |
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1° Alkyl bromide (generic) more here |
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2° Alkyl bromide (generic) more here |
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Alkyl chloride (generic) more here |
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2° Alkyl chloride (generic) more here |
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2° Alkyl iodide (generic) more here |
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1° Alkyl oxonium ion (generic) more here |
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Alkyl telluronium ion (generic) more here |
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Alkyl, R-R (generic) more here |
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Alkylated nucleophile (generic) more here |
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Aluminium chloride dimer more here |
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Aluminium hydroxide more here |
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Aluminium isopropoxide more here |
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Aluminium oxide more here |
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Aluminium sulfate more here |
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1° Amide (generic) more here |
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1° Amine (generic) more here |
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1° Amine, 1° alkyl (generic) more here |
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2 Amine, (RCH2)2NH (generic) more here |
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2° Amine, R, R- (generic) more here |
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1° Ammonium ion (generic) more here |
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Anhydride (generic) more here |
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Antimony sulfide more here |
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Antimony(III) chloride more here |
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Antimony(v) chloride more here |
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Arsenic(III) fluoride more here |
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Arsenic(III) sulfide more here |
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Arsenic(V) fluoride more here |
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Azide (generic) more here |
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Benzene, substituted (generic) more here |
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Benzonitrile more here |
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Benzyl isocyanide more here |
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Borane/Methylsulfide complex more here |
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Borane/THF Complex more here |
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Boron nitride, hexagonal more here |
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Boron sulfide more here |
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Boron trifluoride etherate more here |
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Bromine more here |
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Bromine chloride more here |
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alpha-Bromoaldehyde (generic) more here |
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Bromobenzene more here |
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Bromoethane more here |
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Bromomethane more here |
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alpha-Bromomethyl ketone (generic) more here |
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Bromonium ion, alkyl (generic) more here |
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1-Bromopropane more here |
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N-Bromosuccinimide more here |
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tertiary Butanol more here |
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Butanone more here |
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tertiary Butyl alkoxide more here |
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1-Butylamine more here |
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1-Butylammonium ion more here |
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n-Butylisocyanide more here |
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tertiary Butyl isocyanide more here |
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tertiary Butyl oxonium ion more here |
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Carbonyl, alkylated (generic) more here |
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Carboxylic acid (generic) more here |
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Chlorine more here |
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2-Chloro-2-methylpropane more here |
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Chlorobenzene more here |
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Chloroethane more here |
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beta-Chloroethyl amine (generic) more here |
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beta-Chloroethyl ether (generic) more here |
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beta-Chloroethyl thioether (generic) more here |
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Chloromethane more here |
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Chloronium ion, alkyl (generic) more here |
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meta Chloroperoxybenzoic acid more here |
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2-Chloropropane more here |
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Cyanohydrin, alkyl (generic) more here |
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Cyclohexyl isocyanide more here |
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Cyclopentane carboxylate ion more here |
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Diazomethane more here |
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Di-tertary-butoxycarbonate more here |
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Diethyl aluminium cyanide more here |
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Diethyl sulfate more here |
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3,3-Dimethyl-2-butanone more here |
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Dinitrogen pentoxide more here |
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Disulfide anion, organic (generic) more here |
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Disulfide, organic (generic) more here |
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Ester (generic) more here |
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Ethyl acetoacetate more here |
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Ethyl fluoride more here |
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Ethylamine more here |
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Fluoride, organic (generic) more here |
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2-Fluoro-2-methylpropane more here |
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Fluoromethane more here |
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Fluoronium ion, alkyl (generic) more here |
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2-Fluoropropane more here |
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Formate ester (generic) more here |
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Hexafluoroantimonate(V) more here |
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beta-Hydroxy aldehyde (generic) more here |
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Iodide, organic (generic) more here |
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Iodine more here |
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Iodobenzene more here |
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Iodoethane more here |
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2-Iodo-2-methyl propane more here |
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Iodonium ion, alkyl (generic) more here |
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Isocyanide (generic) more here |
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Isopropyl alkoxide ion more here |
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Isopropyl oxonium ion more here |
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Ketone (generic) more here |
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Ketone, alkyl phenyl (generic) more here |
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Ketone, gamma-alkyl (generic) more here |
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Methyl ester (generic) more here |
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Methyl iodide more here |
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Methyl thioether (generic) more here |
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Methylphenylsulfinate more here |
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Nitrating mixture more here |
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Nitrile (generic) more here |
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Nitrosyl hydrogen sulfate more here |
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Oxalyl chloride more here |
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2,4-Pentanedione more here |
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Peracetic acid more here |
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Peroxide, organic (generic) more here |
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Phenyl ester (generic) more here |
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Phenyl ether (generic) more here |
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Phenyl selenenyl bromide more here |
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Phosphate di-substituted (generic) more here |
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Phosphate tri-substituted (generic) more here |
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Phosphate, mono-substituted (generic) more here |
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Phosphonium ion, alkyl triphenyl (generic) more here |
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Phosphorus pentachloride more here |
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Phosphorus pentachloride g more here |
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2-Propyl bromide more here |
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2-Propyliodide more here |
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Sulfonium ion, alkyl (generic) more here |
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Telluride (generic) more here |
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Tetrabromoaluminate more here |
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Tetrabromoborate more here |
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Tetrabromoferrate ion more here |
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Tetrachloroaluminium ion more here |
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Tetrafluoroaluminate more here |
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Tetrafluoroborate ion more here |
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Tetrahydroxyborate ion more here |
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Tetraiodoaluminate more here |
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Tetraiodoborate more here |
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Thiocyanate (generic) more here |
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Thiol (generic) more here |
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Triethylphosphate more here |
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Triiodide ion more here |
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Trimethylsulfoxonium ylid more here |
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Vinyl chloride (generic) more here |
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Wittig reagent (generic) more here |